![]() In general, both stochastic (e.g., dispersal, or ecological drift) and deterministic (e.g., host immunological regulation, or microbe–microbe interactions) processes operate across multiple spatial scales to shape the composition of animal microbiomes ( Adair and Douglas, 2017 Kohl, 2020). For instance, particular microbiome compositions have been found to drive genomic adaptation ( Rudman et al., 2019) or to confer protection against pathogens ( Velazquez et al., 2019). Patterns of inter- and intraspecific variation in microbiome composition of animals have received much attention because the microbiome may influence many biological processes that have considerable effects on the host ( Clemente et al., 2012 Le Chatelier et al., 2013 Rothschild et al., 2018 Rudman et al., 2019 Velazquez et al., 2019). This study contributes to the general understanding of the factors driving patterns of intraspecific variation in microbiome composition, especially of bloodsucking parasites, and has implications for understanding how well-known processes occurring at higher taxonomic levels, such as phylosymbiosis, might arise in these systems. ![]() Both genome-resolved and read-based metagenomic classification approaches consistently show that parasite infrapopulation identity is a significant factor that explains both qualitative and quantitative patterns of microbiome variation at the intraspecific level. To address this question, we used genome-resolved and shotgun metagenomic data of 17 infrapopulations (balanced design) of the permanent, bloodsucking seal louse Echinophthirius horridus sampled from individual Saimaa ringed seals Pusa hispida saimensis. Here, we evaluated variation in microbiome composition of individual parasites among infrapopulations (i.e., populations of parasites of the same species living on a single host individual). While interspecific variation in microbiome composition can often be readily explained by factors such as host species identity, there is still limited knowledge of how microbiomes vary at scales lower than the species level (e.g., between individuals or populations). 5Natural Resources Institute Finland, Joensuu, Finland.4Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland.3Department of Ecosystems in the Barents Region, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Svanvik, Norway.2Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.1Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.Jorge Doña 1,2* Stephany Virrueta Herrera 1 Tommi Nyman 3 Mervi Kunnasranta 4,5 Kevin P.
0 Comments
If you don’t have a Skylum account, click Register and create one.If you already have a Skylum account, sign in with a linked Google, Facebook, Microsoft, or Apple account, or sign in with your email and password.Please note that your Luminar Neo purchase is automatically linked to the billing email address you provided, so make sure to log in to your Skylum account connected to that email address or create a new Skylum account tied to your billing email address if needed. ![]() When you start Luminar Neo, you’ll see a window that prompts you to log in to your Skylum account. Luminar Neo launches in trial mode when you open it for the first time. No license key or activation code is required. You will be able to activate Luminar Neo by logging in to your Skylum account. ![]() Find the tab with Luminar Neo and download it by clicking the Download button.In your account, you will see a My Software tab with all of your Skylum software, including Luminar Neo.If you have a Skylum account but purchased Luminar Neo using an email address not tied to it, you can merge your accounts in the My Software > App isn’t showing? section of your Skylum account.Make sure to choose the same email you used when purchasing Luminar Neo. If you don’t have a Skylum account, you can create one here.If you already have an account, sign in with your Google, Facebook, Microsoft, or Apple account, or sign in with your email and password. ![]() Go to the Skylum account login page here.Please note that your Luminar Neo purchase is automatically linked to your billing email, so make sure to create a Skylum account with that email or log in to your existing Skylum account linked to that email. Your download links will be waiting for you in your Skylum account. ![]() Each booster pack has a 50% chance of containing a nice-looking premium card which replaces a card of the same rarity.Įach player controls a single deck, which must contain a single home region. Each booster pack includes another 15 randomly sorted cards, of which 10 are common, 3 uncommon, 1 rare and 1 is a home region or outer region. The Starter Kits contains 110 cards, representing the Caldari and the Gallente. The aim of this CCG is to generate enough money to adequately fortify your own starbase and eventually destroy your opponent’s starbase.ĮVE: The Second Genesis consists of 240 cards. Each CEO also knows about several valuable outer regions which can generate the extra income necessary to build up his or her corporation and crush his or her rivals. At the start, each CEO controls a single starbase, has a steady income and has access to a market from which (s)he can buy whatever is in supply. In Eve: The Second Genesis, players take on the role of the CEO of an aspiring corporation. Now, EVE is also a collectible card game in the ilk of Magic: The Gathering. In it, players take control of a starship and try not only to survive, but trade and thrive in an enormously big virtual world. EVE Online is one of the most popular MMORPG’s (Massively-Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games) ever. Still, the Minmatar Republic has been greatly weakened and many Minmatars are still living as slaves. After centuries of occupation, the Minmatars managed to oust their enemies, partially thanks to Jovian and Gallentean support. The seven original Minmatar tribes believed in the virtue of loyalty, but became slaves to the Amarrians after Amarrian warships invaded their world. Because of their self-righteousness, they have engaged in bitter conflict with the Caldari in the past and even now, the two nations maintain an uneasy peace that continues to weaken with time. It has become an economic giant because of its willingness to trade with every civilisation it has encountered so far. Instead, Gallenteans believe in the triumph of free will and the sanctity of human rights. The Gallente Federation is constantly expanding, but it doesn’t do so through force or terror. The society here is based on hyper-capitalistic markets, with its mega-corporations being the largest, non-nation business entities in the galaxy. The Caldari State is a military nation, which believes in conflict as essential to survival in the harsh worlds of New Eden. This act led to the founding of the independent nation-state called the Minmatar Republic, but the Emperor of Amarr and his subjects still propagate slavery in their home territories. Their dominance was ended by the mysterious and superior Jovinas, after which the slave population of Amarr launched a great rebellion. This enabled them to conquer world after world, subjugating entire civilisations. The Amarrians were the first to rediscover warp technology after the collapse of the EVE gate. Meanwhile, the worlds of EVE are slowly but surely edging closer and closer to the brink of war.įive of the colonies grew to become major empires that nowadays share the power in the known universe: the Amarr Empire, the Caldari State, the Minmatar Republic, the Gallente Federation and the Jovian Empire. The governments of the nation-states are starting to realise how much influence these capsuleers have gained and behind the scenes, they are scheming. Moreover, a new elite caste of society has risen: the ‘capsuleers’ are highly trained, physically modified humans capable of piloting starships through sheer mind power. Only a handful survived the past millennia.Įven though the memory of Earth has faded, space travelling technology has been rediscovered. After this tragedy, thousands of small colonies were cut off from Earth. However, after the gate suddenly collapsed, there was no way left to travel journey back and forth between the Earth and the solar system of New Eden anymore. Once, the gate of EVE – a natural wormgate discovered in the 24th century – led to this old world. Once, humans still knew where their home planet, Earth was located. ![]() The launch of a global tele-medicine initiative, Cybersight, in 2003 provided long-term follow-up in the form of distance mentoring and education. – TELEMEDICINE: COST-EFFICIENT ONLINE CONSULTATION Many of these programmes focus on the treatment and prevention of childhood blindness, cataract, trachoma and corneal disease. Our permanent offices in these countries, run by local staff, develop and implement an array of multi-year projects to improve the quality and accessibility of eye care to residents, particularly in rural areas and impoverished urban communities. In 1999, to build the capacity of local partners, we created long-term country programmes in Bangladesh, China, Ethiopia, India and Vietnam – similar programmes are also underway in parts of the Latin America and the Caribbean. Our inaugural mission was to Beijing, China.Īs we grew over the years, we added hospital-based training programmes and fellowships to our portfolio to provide additional skills-building opportunities for eye care professionals. Within two years, we had converted the plane into an eye surgery hospital. In 1992, after a major fundraising appeal, we purchased a wide-body DC-10 to replace the DC-8. As replacement parts for the original DC-8 plane became more difficult and expensive to obtain, it became clear that a newer, larger aircraft was needed. A grant from USAID and funds from private donors enabled us to successfully convert a DC-8 plane into a fully functional teaching eye hospital. ![]() With a fully equipped hospital on board an aeroplane, doctors trained in the latest ophthalmic techniques, including paediatric ophthalmology, could bring their surgical knowledge and skills to doctors in low-income countries through hands-on training and lectures. The solution was a mobile teaching hospital. Even when they could afford to study abroad, their opportunity for direct clinical experience was limited because strict licensing laws often prevented them from performing surgery. We knew that the high costs of tuition, international travel and accommodation prevented most doctors and nurses in low-income countries from participating in overseas training programmes. In the 1970s, leaders of these two industries came together to create the plan that led to the foundation of Orbis. It’s fully equipped as a teaching hospital, with operating and laser treatment rooms, simulation centre and classroom, thus being able to both treat patients and teach local professionals in the prevention and treatment of avoidable blindness.Orbis is the result of a unique and lasting alliance forged between the medical and aviation industries. It’s an incredibly important mission that has been changing millions of lives for years, and it wouldn’t be possible without Orbis’ flying hospital. To carry on its mission, Orbis uses a fully customized DC-10, which was converted from a FedEx cargo plane into a state-of-the-art mobile hospital, the Orbis Flying Eye. Orbis is a non-profit organization that flies all over the world providing treatment and prevention of avoidable blindness, a big problem that affects millions of people but can usually be treated or prevented. In a new partnership with Orbis International, soon you will be able to tour the organization’s very own McDonnell Douglas DC-10 inside Flight Simulator. It’s an airplane, a very special one in fact, but you won’t be able to fly it (at least, not for now). The Microsoft Flight Simulator team announced this week that a new kind of experience is coming to the sim. ![]() "For starters, I was so excited and, quite frankly, surprised that she wanted to do the traditional way, because it's not something you hear every day," he said. Guobadia said it all came naturally to Williams. So I had to be very, very serious, and I was very adamant that each detail was going to be authentic to their culture. "I wanted to make sure that I was as respectful as possible because I didn't want to not do anything that wasn't within tradition, within their culture. "I looked up different things about an Edo bride, about the Benin culture, about their ceremonies, just so that I would not be totally green," she said. As for the cake, they had a traditional Benin cake.Įver since they announced their engagement in May 2021 after one month of dating, Williams said she "knew" she wanted "to honor" Guobadia's culture at their wedding To represent Williams' southern roots, they also had fried lobster, steak and cornbread. Porsha Williams Porsha Williams Shares Photo of Fiancé Simon Guobadia's 'Very First Tattoo' Featuring Her Nameįor the feast, the couple catered traditional Benin foods like snails, egusi, meat pies and okra stew from the local restaurant Little Lagos. "I want it to feel like an inside/outside space, but luxurious." "The other thing I wanted was trees in the room," she added. It should be really, really beautiful and give you that authentic African feel." "The whole room should be transformed with beautiful colors of browns and rose golds and tans and creams. "I want them to feel like they have taken a flight and landed in Benin," she said. Then, at the reception, Williams said she wanted her guests to feel like they were in Nigeria. Throughout the native law and custom ceremony, which was led by a spokesperson from each side of the couple's family, traditional Benin singers and dancers performed. "It's going to be a beautiful expression of fashion, love and family." "It's going to be interesting to see people's take on the fabric," she added. "I personally chose the fabrics that they're going to be wearing, including their head wrap, their gele. "It was a huge undertaking," Williams said. With the fabric, each family member could choose how they wanted to design it. Men, meanwhile, wear an agbada, an oversized kaftan designed from guinea or lace, and a hat made of asoke fabric.įollowing tradition, the couple provided the cultural fabric to make their family members' clothing for the day. Women often accessorize with a gele (an ornate head wrap) and by carrying a fan. It is unclear when their nuptials will take place.Porsha Williams Nigerian Yoruba and Edo cultural attire for women includes iro and buba, a vibrant skirt and top that is usually heavily beaded. Simon, 57, proposed to Williams, 40, with a massive engagement ring in May. However, the businessman and film producer’s upcoming three weddings to Falynn’s “RHOA” co-star Porsha Williams are sure to be public. The details of their divorce will not be made public, as they both signed a confidentiality clause as part of their settlement. Instagramįalynn’s pregnancy news comes less than a month after she finalized her divorce from Simon. … I’m ready to start the new adventure with you.” Falynn Guobadia and Jaylan Banks are expecting their first child together. She also shared that she’d love to have a little girl this time around.īanks, for his part, said he is “ready as can ever be” for the arrival of his first child, adding, “I’ve always wanted to have some type of father figure in my life, so I’m giving back to the boys what I’ve never received. The Bravolebrity thanked Banks in her video for being her boys’ “best friend” and a father figure to them. She did not have any children with her ex-husband Simon Guobadia however, he has five children - Quentin, Nicole, Christian, Benjamin and Ximena - from a previous marriage. Guobadia is already mom to three sons from a previous marriage. She added, “I do realize that a lot of you and a lot of blogs have somewhat caught wind of our little news, and we just wanted to make sure that we made it past the two-month mark.” ![]() ![]() It is Jaylan’s first baby, so welcome aboard.” “We are adding another little one to the crazy bunch. Jaylan and I are expecting,” she said in the clip as she sat next to Banks. “Jaylan and I will actually be having a baby. ![]() Guobadia, 32, announced that she is pregnant with her first child with her boyfriend, Jaylan Banks, in a YouTube video posted Tuesday. “Real Housewives of Atlanta” star Falynn Guobadia is moving on from her divorce with a new bundle of joy. Hilary Duff is pregnant with 4th child, her 3rd with husband Matthew KomaĪdam Driver and wife Joanne Tucker secretly welcomed baby girl Pregnant ‘Cash Me Outside’ girl Bhad Bhabie, 20, reveals sex of baby in Marc Jacobs campaign Pregnant Sienna Miller flaunts baby bump, poses with 11-year-old daughter Marlowe for Vogue photoshoot ![]() Patients lacking Dp140 and/or Dp71 have a particularly high incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Patients with distal DMD mutations affecting the expression of all DMD gene products have lower FSIQ scores than those with mutations that result in only the absence of full-length dystrophin. Full-scale intelligent quotients (FSIQ) are consistently reported at one standard deviation below the normal population mean and levels of intellectual disability within Duchenne cohorts vary between approximately 19 and 35% (Table (Table1, 1, ). Whilst most individuals with DMD are not intellectually disabled, the risk of cognitive impairment is higher than for the general population. We then review the gene expression and RNA processing of Dp71 and its function(s) and discuss how the absence and/or alteration of Dp71 likely contributes to the neuropathophysiology of DMD.Įmotional, Behavioural and Neurodevelopmental Observations We first describe the ‘DMD neuropsychiatric syndrome’ coined by Ricotti and the abnormalities observed in the DMD brain. Here, we provide a detailed update on Dp71 and review the accumulating evidence linking its loss to the neuropathophysiology of Duchenne. (Fig.1) 1) and our understanding of the function(s) of Dp71 has increased. In light of this and the fact that 100% of individuals with mutations affecting Dp71 have intellectual disability, we limit the focus of this review to Dp71.Īs many as 14 isoforms of Dp71 have now been described (Fig. In contrast, our knowledge of Dp71 has expanded rapidly, there are mouse models devoid of Dp71 and the literature has become complex. There is limited information on Dp140, likely due to its restricted expression pattern. Thus, it is not entirely clear which, if any, single DMD gene product is responsible for the CNS phenotype. The risk and severity of cognitive disability are associated with a cumulative loss of distal DMD gene products. ![]() Dp140 and Dp71 are both heavily implicated. Distal DMD mutations affecting the expression of these shorter variants are linked to cognitive impairment. The most predominant in the brain is the Dp71 variant expressed in neurones and glia, except during foetal development where Dp140, also expressed throughout the CNS, dominates. Dystrophin protein variants (Dp) are named based on their length in kilodaltons and are produced through unique promoter usage, alternative splicing and/or alternative polyadenylation signals. Unlike skeletal muscle, the central nervous system (CNS) sees the expression of a large variety of DMD transcripts implicated in diverse cellular processes. Mounting evidence links these symptoms to the loss of dystrophin in the brain. Although characterised by the progressive loss of muscle strength and function, cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms are also prevalent. ![]() It is caused by frameshift mutations in the DMD gene that prevent the body-wide translation of its protein product, dystrophin. The X-linked neuromuscular disorder, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), is one of the most common fatal genetic disorders diagnosed in childhood. Unravelling the function and pathophysiological significance of dystrophin in the brain has become a high research priority to inform the development of brain-targeting treatments for Duchenne. The high risk of neuropsychiatric syndromes in Duchenne patients warrants early intervention to achieve the best possible quality of life. The literature suggests changes observed in the DMD brain are neurodevelopmental in origin and that their risk and severity is associated with a cumulative loss of distal DMD gene products such as Dp71. We review genotype-phenotype correlations and discuss emerging cellular/tissue evidence for the involvement of Dp71 in the neuropathophysiology of DMD. We then review the gene expression, RNA processing and functions of Dp71. In this review, we first describe brain involvement in DMD and the abnormalities observed in the DMD brain. These include neuronal differentiation, adhesion, cell division and excitatory synapse organisation as well as nuclear functions such as nuclear scaffolding and DNA repair. However, unlike in skeletal muscle in the brain, Dp71 is alternatively spliced to produce many isoforms with differential subcellular localisations and diverse cellular functions. As with dystrophin in muscle, Dp71 localises to dystrophin-associated protein complexes in the brain. Dystrophin protein 71 (Dp71) is the major DMD gene product expressed in the brain and mutations affecting its expression are associated with the DMD neuropsychiatric syndrome. Besides a severe muscle phenotype, cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms are prevalent. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by frameshift mutations in the DMD gene that prevent the body-wide translation of its protein product, dystrophin. ![]() Great for Ice fishing when targeting trout, bluegill, panfish, crappie, perch, bass, walleye and a lot more! The Z-Viber is offered in a variety of colors that include Glow and UV color patterns. This small Z-Viber is very versatile crankbait and can be used in a lot of different scenarios. The single hook will give you the ability to tip the Z-Viber with an offering such as a Eurotackle Mummy Worm or Micro Finesse soft lure for added attention. The Z-Viber on top of being weedless, will improve your hook up ratio. Armed with a high quality Japanese style single hook, you will also have the option to rig it with a high quality treble hook, which is included in the packaging. This small Z-Viber is very versatile crankbait and can be used in a lot of different scenarios. The vibrations activate the tungsten bb's that create a very subtle rattling noise. Meegs Ice Fishing Lures Swedish Pimple Fresh Water/Ice Fishing Jigs Tungsten Jigs. When retrieved it will produce a wide and unique wobbling action. Euro Tackle Z-Viber Micro 1/16oz Features: Can use it for vertical jigging or casting and retrieving Provides tight vibrations going - Stony Tackle Shack. When jigged, the ultra light Z-Viber will provide tight vibrations going up and then into quick fall when going down. You can use it vertical jigging, casting in open water, and while ice fishing. Eurotackle Z-Viber Micro Lipless Lure Ice Fishing Yellow Perch 00311. The unique design of this ice-fishing crankbait creates high-frequency vibrations when. This Z-Viber lure combines a drop jig and lipless crankbait and is great for vertical jigging or casting and retrieving. ![]() This tiny bait is an innovation when it comes to micro crankbaits. The Eurotackle Z-Viber Crankbait is a versatile crankbait available in several colors. Youll find it highly effective in both open water and under. Crankbait/Jig a blade bait or a lipless crank, theres no denying its versatility. Thanks to a unique internal tungsten weight system, this bait will sink as fast as your average tungsten ice jig. Whether you consider the Eurotackle® Z-Viber 1/8-oz. ![]() The NEW Eurotackle Z-Viber Micro is here! At 0.6" this mini lure weights 1/16oz just like the original Z-Viber! Based on feedback I will provide UNLIMITED Revisions until client satisfied with the output.I am always available to provide my clients with QUICK Turnaround.Based on the details shared I will provide you World Class Quality Services.The more you share about your business and goals for a project, the better my understanding of how to help you and provide you BEST OUTPUT. I will discuss in details about the needs and goals for your project.I have a Voice call availability via from 5AM to 7PM EDT New York USA timezone, 9AM to 11PM GMT+5 UK timezone, 7PM to 10AM AEST timezone. My motto is to give utmost attention to produce 100% GENUINE and AUTHENTIC web design which you are looking for. ![]() If you are looking for a complete Top-end, up-to-date, professional, and fully responsive website at affordable prices then you are at the right place. Welcome, I am a Top Rated Freelancer (Ranking in Top 1%) for Website / Graphic Design skills and i work 24 hours a day in USA / Canada / Europe / Australia timezone for your convenience.īe assured, I am your Website Ui/Ux Designer cum Developer with additional expertise in Graphic / Branding / Logo Designing skills and having 10+ years of experience in these fields & provide complete range of branding and business website designing. Contact us today for a free consultation! less Partner with Digitaurus Technologies and unlock the full potential of your IT. Physical Presence on Three Continents: Benefit from direct access to our team and resources in the UAE, and Pakistan. Quick Response Time: Get the support you need, when you need it, with response times under 3 hours.ĥ-Star Rated Excellence: We consistently deliver solutions that exceed expectations, earning top ratings across all platforms.ĭedicated Project Managers: Work closely with experienced professionals who speak your language and understand your business goals.Ģ4/5 Global Support: Our dedicated team is always available to help, regardless of your time zone. Global Reach, Local Impact: We serve clients in 42+ countries, bringing world-class IT solutions to your doorstep. Serving 1000+ Happy Clients: Join a community of thriving businesses powered by Digitaurus.ġ00+ Dedicated In-house Resources: Access a diverse pool of highly skilled professionals, ready to tackle your challenges. Unleash the power of IT with Digitaurus Technologies, your trusted partner for digital success.ġ00% Client Satisfaction Guarantee: We are committed to your success, every step of the way.Ģ00+ Years of Combined Team Expertise: Leverage our extensive industry knowledge and proven track record. *Digitaurus Technologies: Where Excellence Meets Expertise* ![]() Thank you for considering me for your project, and I look forward to the opportunity to work with you! less Overall, my goal is to help businesses and organizations reach their full potential through effective branding and design. There are many more technologies in which I work. ◉ 2D and 3D Character Animation, Logo Animation ◉ Website Optimization, Backlinks building on High DA & Do-Follow sites ◉ Logo Design, Brochure, Poster, Business Card ◉ Code Igniter, Cake PHP, Laravel, Core PHP ◉ Javascript, Node JS, Angular JS, Express JS, Typescript, Angular ◉ Modules and Plugin Development and Customizations ◉ WordPress, Shopify, Wix, Prestashop, Magento, Odoo, Hubspot My name is Kausar Parveen, and I am a skilled multimedia web designer with a passion for creating visually stunning and effective designs for my clients. to 6 p.m., according to the EST time zone.Īchievement: Top Rated by the Preferred Freelancer Team ![]() You can also download our free Design Proposal Template for additional guidance.Hello, and welcome to my Freelancer profile!Ģ- 2 week free support for minor changes after completing the projectĪvailability: 6 a.m. You can start creating high-quality design proposals, contracts, and invoices in seconds by signing up for Bonsai-the all-in-one freelancing tool that we highly recommend to freelancers. At the end of the day, you really want to showcase why you’re the right designer for the job and how you’ll help the client accomplish their goals. Other great design proposals might include things like testimonials, past notable clients, similar work examples you’ve done, etc. ![]() It’s ultimately used to set project expectations and emphasize your value (should this client decide to hire you).ĭesign proposals typically include important information such as: The purpose of a design proposal is to outline the core details and deliverables of the project along with your vision for how to accomplish the client’s goals. Learn how to craft effective design proposalsīefore you start taking on any clients, you need to know how to create a design proposal that helps you win the job.Ī design proposal is a document that freelance graphic designers create and present to clients typically after an initial kickoff meeting discussing the project goals. ![]() They didn't happen because "space is hard," as NASA apologists repeatedly proclaimed. ![]() They weren't out-of-the-blue surprises, striking without warning. This was a dramatic moment: NASA itself could have done the diagnosis and come up with the get-well prescription without the cost of seven lives.Īs it turned out, neither the 2003 Columbia disaster, nor the 1986 Challenger disaster, nor the robotic Mars mission failures of 1999, nor the cascade of near-death experiences of American astronauts aboard the Russian Mir space station in 19, were "accidents" in any traditional sense of the word. “Maybe three-quarters of it,” he acknowledged. Gehman paused, thought deeply, and then sighed. "How much of your 'NASA safety culture' assessment," I asked, "could have been written before the accident?" I attended those briefings as a newly hired space analyst for NBC News, and I had a tough question on my mind. Over the ensuing months, as investigators developed these deeper insights through extensive interviews and document reviews, they regularly conducted news briefings to answer questions about what they were discovering. Convenient, unverified assumptions of goodness had led to the loss of Challenger and its crew - and Gehman wanted to find out if the same kind of lapse had led to Columbia's loss. To assume that all was well unless there were visible hazards was imprudent and irresponsible. Safety was a quality that had to be explicitly verified. The fundamental safety rule had been to base no belief purely on hope. He wanted them to find out why, just 17 years after operational errors and bad engineering decisions doomed the space shuttle Challenger and its seven astronauts, the same types of management flaws had reinfected NASA's culture and struck again with equally hideous results. Harold Gehman, set his team an even more profound task. ![]() Or, as the German philosopher Friedrich Hegel, wrote, "The only thing we learn from history is that we learn nothing from history."Īfter the Columbia and its crew of seven astronauts were lost, an independent investigation board delved deeply into the immediate causes of the disaster. Rather, the disaster was a harsh reminder of what NASA had forgotten. As an organization and as a team, the agency learned nothing new from the 2003 disaster. Will the new teams now stepping forward into the American spaceflight arena have to relearn the same bitter lesson?īeyond the tragic loss of life, the greatest tragedy of the space shuttle Columbia was that NASA should have known better. HOUSTON - Ten years ago, the Columbia tragedy showed that not everyone at NASA had learned the most important safety lesson from the shuttle Challenger disaster, more than a decade earlier. Investigators say the damage led to the shuttle's destruction 16 days later during atmospheric re-entry. A NASA video focuses on a piece of debris falling from the external tank, then striking the left wing of the space shuttle Columbia during its launch on Jan. ![]() 2) Dragon through portal doesn’t = same as pony." The 2014 documentary A Brony Tale mentions that Ashleigh Ball, the voice of both Rainbow Dash and Applejack, originally auditioned for Spike.ĭog Spike, as he is in the human world, is not human because, as stated by Meghan McCarthy, "1) It would be weird for Twilight to hide a small boy in her backpack. He is the only main character who was taken from G1 other than Applejack. In his G3 incarnation, he was a 1,000-year old dragon with orange spikes, purple hair, and a blue body. In G1, he was portrayed as a baby dragon with green spikes, and his body was pink. Spike's appearance is based on his Generation 1 incarnation more than his Generation 3 version, with a few modifications done by Lauren Faust. 8.11 The Art of My Little Pony: The Movie description. ![]()
|
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |